Liquid penetrant inspection is a method that is used to reveal surface breaking flaws by bleed out of a coloured or fluorescent dye from the flaw. The technique is based on the ability of a liquid to be drawn into a “clean” surface breaking flaw by capillary action.
PERSONAL QUALIFICATION
PCN, PED, ISO 9712, EN 473, ASNT Level 2/3
In radiographic testing, the part to be inspected is placed between the radiation source and a piece of radiation sensitive film. The radiation source can either be an X-ray machine or a radioactive source. The radiation that passes through the part will expose the film and forms a shadow graph of the part. The film darkness (density) will vary with the amount of radiation reaching the film through the test object where darker areas indicate more exposure (higher radiation intensity) and lighter areas indicate less exposure (higher radiation intensity).
PERSONAL QUALIFICATION
PCN, PED, ISO 9712, EN 473, ASNT Level 2/3
Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is a non destructive testing method used for defect detection in magnetic materials. MPI is fast and relatively easy to apply, and part surface preparation is not as critical as it is for some other NDT methods. These characteristics make MPI one of the most widely utilized non destructive testing methods.
PERSONAL QUALIFICATION
PCN, PED, ISO 9712, EN 473, ASNT Level 2/3
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency sound energy to conduct examinations and make measurements. Ultrasonic inspection can be used for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurements, material characterization, and more. To illustrate the general inspection principle, a typical pulse/echo inspection configuration as illustrated below will be used.
PERSONAL QUALIFICATION
PCN, PED, ISO 9712, EN 473, ASNT Level 2/3
Eddy currents are created through a process called electromagnetic induction. When alternating current is applied to the conductor, such as copper wire, a magnetic field develops in and around the conductor. This magnetic field expands as the alternating current rises to maximum and collapses as the current is reduced to zero. If another electrical conductor is brought into the close proximity to this changing magnetic field, current will be induced in this second conductor. Eddy currents are induced electrical currents that flow in a circular path. They get their name from “eddies” that are formed when a liquid or gas flows in a circular path around obstacles when conditions are right.
PERSONAL QUALIFICATION
PCN, EN 473, ASNT Level 2/3
Visual inspection, with or without optical aids, is the original method of NDT. Many defects are surface-breaking and can be detected by careful direct visual inspection. Optical aids include low-power magnifiers, microscopes, telescopes and also specialised devices such as horoscopes, endoscopes and other fibre-optic devices for the inspection of restricted access areas. These devices can also be used with television camera systems. Much of the success of visual inspection depends on the surface condition and the lighting arrangements.
Positive Material Identification (PMI – XRF)
Positive Material Identification is a well-established analytical materials testing and materials identification technique used throughout industrial plant as well as within the metal assembly and component manufacturing industries. It guarantees a material’s elemental composition as required for safety compliance and quality control.
Positive Material Identification (PMI – OES)
PMI-Arc is a well-established analytical materials testing and materials identification technique used throughout industrial plant as well as within the metal assembly and component manufacturing industries. It guarantees a material’s elemental composition as required for safety compliance and quality control.
